How to save the world from pollution Essay Example for Free

How to save the world from pollution Essay PART – A ( 2 Marks) 1. Define hardness of water. 2. Distinguish between carbonate hardness and noncarbonate hardness. 3. Draw the structure of EDTA. What happens when EDTA is added to hard water? 4. Define alkalinity. 5. Why is water softened before using in boiler? 6. What is meant by priming and foaming? How can they be prevented? 7. What is meant by caustic embrittlement? How is it prevented? 8. Indicate the reasons for boiler corrosion. 9. What is the role of phosphates in the internal treatment of water? 10. What is calgon conditioning? How is it functioning in water treatment? 11. Mention requisites of potable water. 12. Write briefly on disinfection of water by UV treatment. 13. Write the principle involved in the desalination of water by reverse osmosis. 14. Define the term break-point chlorination. 15. Define desalination. 16. What is Sodium zeolite? What is its use? HS1103- Engineering chemistry I PART – B ( 16 Marks) 1. (i) What is the principle of EDTA method? Describe the estimation of Hardness of water by EDTA method. (8) (ii) What is the various methods by which disinfection of domestic water is carried out? Explain. (8) 2. (i) Describe briefly the different steps in the purification of water for drinking Purposes. (8) (ii) What is desalination? Name the different methods of desalination. Explain any one in detail. (8) 3. (i) Discuss briefly about the problems caused due to the usage of hard water in boilers. (8) (ii) What are Zeolites? How do they function in removing the hardness? (8) 4. (i) How is internal treatment of boiler water carried out? (8) (ii) Describe the principle and method involved in the determination of different types and amount of alkalinity of water (8) UNIT – II – SURFACE CHEMISTRY PART – A ( 2 Marks) 1. How does chemisorption differ from physisorption? 2. How will you increase the activity of adsorbent? 3. Define adsorption? What is an adsorption isotherm? 4. What is Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm? 5. What are promoters? 6. What is catalytic poisoning? 7. What is the effect of temperature and pressure on the adsorption of hydrogen gas on charcoal? 8. Define ion-exchange adsorption 9. What is langmuir adsorption isotherm? How it is mathematically represented? Kings college of Engineering HS1103- Engineering chemistry I 10. What is the demerit of langmuir adsorption isotherm? PART – B ( 16 Marks) 1. (i) Distinguish between physical adsorption and chemisorption. [6] (ii)Derive an expression for Langmuir unimolecular adsorption isotherm. What are its limitations? [10] 2 (i) Explain adsorption theory (or) contact theory with examples. [6] (ii) Explain the classification functions of ion-exchangers.[10] 3 (i) Define the term adsorption and list its application [4] (ii) Explain the role of adsorption in demineralization of water.[8] (iii) Give any three factors on which adsorption depends [4] 4 (i) Derive Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm. Give the conditions in which It fails. [6] (ii) Explain the role of adsorption in catalytic reactions [10] 5 (i) Discuss the factors which influence adsorption of gas on a solid. [8] (ii) Define adsorption isotherm. Explain the various types of adsorption Isotherm. [8] 6 (i) Explain the role of adsorbents in pollution abatement. [12] (ii) Define the terms adsorbent and adsorbate giving suitable examples.[4] UNIT – III – ELECTROCHEMISTRY PART – A ( 2 Marks) 1. What is a cell? Mention its types. 2. Define the terms (i) single electrode potential (ii) Electrochemical cells. 3. Define Helmholtz electrical double layer. 4. Write Nernst equation. 5. Define a reference electrode. Give one example. 6. What is electromotive series? What is its significance? Kings college of Engineering HS1103- Engineering chemistry I 7. What is electrode concentration cell? Give one example. 8. Find the potential of the cell in which the following reactions takes place at 250 C. Zn (s) + Cu2+ (0.02M) → Cu(s) + Zn2+ (0.4M) 9. What is electro chemical cell? 10. Why can glass electrode not be used for a solution of high alkalinity? 11. What are reversible irreversible cells? 12. What are the advantages of conductometric titrations? PART B [ 16 marks] 1. (i) Derive Nernst equation. Give its significances. (8) (ii) What are reference electrodes? Describe any two reference electrodes with neat diagram and mention their uses. (8) 2. (i) Describe a glass electrode. How can it be used for determining the pH Of a solution? (8) (ii) How is Emf of a galvanic cell measured by poggendroff’s compensation method? (5) (iii) Consider the cell reaction, Zn(s) +Fe2+ (0.005 M) Zn2+ (0.01 M) + Fe(s) Given that the standard emf of the cell at 298 K is 0.323 V. Construct the cell and Calculate the emf of the cell. (3) 3. (i) What are Reference Electrode? Explain the types with neat diagrams and mention their uses (8) ii) Describe the construction and working of calomel electrode hydrogen electrode (4+4) 4. (i) What is the principle underlying conductometric titration? Explain acid-base titrations with neat graph. (8) Kings college of Engineering HS1103- Engineering chemistry I (ii)Describe a quinhydroneelectrode how it can be used for the determination of pH of the solution? (8) 5. (i) What is the principle underlying Potentiometric titration? Explain Redox titrations with neat graph. (8) (ii)What is electrochemical series .Give its applications (8) UNIT – IV – ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY STORING DEVICES: PART – A ( 2 Marks) 1. Define nuclear fission. 2. What is nuclear chain reaction/ 3. What is a nuclear reactor? 4. Mention any two differences of a nuclear reaction and a chemical reaction? 5. What is breeder reactor? 6. What is solar cell? 7. What are the applications of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell? 8. What is wind energy? How is it obtained? 9. What is fissile and fertile nucleides? 10. What is super critical mass and sub critical mass? 11. What is nuclear energy? 12. What is a battery? How does it differ from a cell? 13. What are the advantages of alkaline battery over dry cell? 14. How is NICAD battery constructed? PART – B ( 16 Marks) 1. (i) What is a nuclear reactor? Describe the components of a light water nuclear power Plant with a suitable block diagram. (10) (ii) Explain the mechanism and characteristics of a nuclear fission reaction with suitable Example. (6) Kings college of Engineering HS1103- Engineering chemistry I 2. i)What is reversible battery? Describe the construction and working of lead acid storage battery with reacting occurring during charging and discharging. (8) (ii) How is NICAD battery constructed? Explain with cell reactions. Give its uses. (8) 3 i) Write a brief note on Lithium battery. (8) ii) What are Fuel cells? Explain the construction and working of H2-O2 fuel cell.(8) 4. i) Define Photo galvanic cell. Explain its working with diagram. Give its applications. (10) ii) Write note on wind energy. (6) UNIT – V – ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND CHEMOMETRICS: PART – A ( 2 Marks) 1. State Beer –Lambert’s law. Give its limitations. 2. Name the components of colorimeter. 3. What is flame photometry? 4. How are alkali and alkaline –earth metals detected in flame photometry? Give examples. 5. What are the sources of UV light in UV-Visible spectrophotometer? 6. Define the term Bathochromic shift. 7. What is finger print region? Mention its important uses. 8. Write any two disadvantages of AAS. 9. Compare atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame emission spectroscopy 10. How are IR spectral range subdivided? 11. What are the limitations of flame photometry? PART – B ( 16 Marks) 1. (i) Derive Beer-Lambert’s law. Give its limitations. (8) (ii)What is Colorimetry? With a block diagram explain how it is used to estimate iron (8) 2. (i) Explain briefly the principle and instrumentation of flame photometry. How do you estimate sodium using flame photometry? Kings college of Engineering (8) HS1103- Engineering chemistry I (ii)Explain the various components and working of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. (8) 3. (i)What is IR spectroscopy?. Explain the various components and working of IR spectrophotometer. ii) (8) With neat energy level diagram explain various transitions involved in UV Spectra. (8) 4.(i) Explain how different fundamental modes for different types of compounds Are estimated in IR spectra. (8) (ii) Discuss the principle of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Give the block diagram of AAS.(8) Kings college of Engineering

Emails in the workplace :: Workplace Essays

Electronic mail use is rapidly becoming more commonplace in the business world than a telephone call. The speed, cost, and flexibility of electronic mail have made electronic mail the definitive choice for today’s business communications. McCune (1997) stated, â€Å"E-mail, otherwise known as electronic mail, is the latest corporate communications tool† (p. 14). Employees today are turning more to e-mail than to their telephones and fax machines for communication. This new high-tech form of communication brings a new set of guidelines and potential problems for employees and employers: e-mail etiquette, e-mail overload, and e-mail harassment. To prevent potential problems, e-mails in the workplace should adhere to business guidelines. One business guideline employees should adhere to limits the number of non-work related e-mail sent and received while at work. Today, many employees receive an overwhelming number of e-mails which can cause e-mail overload. Ingham (2003) explained that â€Å"E-mail overload occurs when the number of e-mails being sent and received becomes too difficult to manage, overwhelming the user† (p.166). Due to the speed and low overhead of e-mail communications, e-mailing has become the preferred method of communication for most businesses. Most work-related e-mails are short business-related notes, memos, and reminders to and from coworkers which are easily managed. However, when employees start e-mailing coworkers personal notes they can distract from their coworkers work at hand. Personal employee e-mails are time-consuming to respond to and read. Many employees also share humorous and chain e-mails with coworkers. Humorous and chain e-mails only add to the number of e-mails in an employees’ inbox. Beyond business-related e-mails, employees receive e-mails from friends and family. These personal matters also distract an employee from work related matters. Employees who use their work e-mail addresses for personal matters also often receive unsolicited spam mail. To avoid e-mail overload, employees should strive to minimize the number of personal e-mails they compose and accept at their work address. By limiting themselves to work related matters employees can avoid e-mail overload and be more productive with their work time. Another business guideline for employees is to follow appropriate etiquette rules in business e-mail communications. Understanding the rules of business e-mail etiquette is rapidly becoming an unstated required skill for employees. E-mail is the latest trend in corporate communication tools (McCune, 1997). Employees who use e-mail for communication must understand that they are representing the company for which they work. Every e-mail communication sent by an employee reflects back on the company.

Healthy Eating Plan Comparison Essay

When I first started this class I had a bad eating habit, I was always on the go, so grabbing a quick lunch or a snack fit right into my schedule. In the first week of class I did the healthy eating plan and it shocked me at the results. I was doing major damage to my body. I never thought about the consequences that my food choices had on my body. Since finding about my eating I have tried tremendously to eat healthier. In this essay I will discuss my past eating habits and my current eating habits as well as what I plan on doing about my current circumstances. As a child I was taught how to eat correctly and how to have vegetables with every meal. My mother could not stress enough not to be eating junk food all the time and how to brush our teeth after every meal. As I grew up and had children of my own I tried to teach them the same thing. The thing is I do not practice what I preach. I am on the go every day, and have a very strict schedule. While I am at work on my lunch break I have thirty minutes to eat, smoke, and relax. I do what every other person would do when it is food already cooked, I grab a quick hot or cold lunch eat and clock back in to work. I noticed that I gained a great deal of pounds within a short period of time, but I always made excuses for it. Come to find out it was all because of my eating habit. When I did the healthy eating plan I noticed that I have the same routine each and every day. I go to Dunkin Donuts every morning grab me a cup of coffee or hot chocolate. I eat a candy bar on every break and something hot on every lunch. I did some research on the coffee and it shows that it is not bad for you at all. It actually helps lower the risks of many diseases by 20-25%. The diseases it helps with are type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, and colorectal cancer. I also found out that eating sugary foods is not only bad for my health but my teeth and it is a majority of the reason I am overweight. My last Healthy Eating Plan paper shows my old eating habits. Day 1CoffeeCinnamon pretzel, with sodaDouble cheeseburger, medium onion rings, soda, and two apple piesCinnamon twistBaked chicken, greens, cornbread, and corn Cake, Kool-Aid, cinnamon twist, and sour candy Day 2Large Hot chocolate with whipped cream, and a donutCinnamon pretzel, large soda, and candy barWhopper sandwich, large French fries, and larger sodaIce cream drumstick, candy, and potato chipsFried pork chops smothered in gravy, mashed potatoes, macaroni, green eans, and Kool-AidBowl of ice cream Day 3Bowl of cereal, flavored waterThree cookiesHamburger, with fried onion ringsCandy, ice cream coneTwo bowls of cereal, Domino’s pizza, cinnamon bread with icing soda My new eating habits are basically the same as my old eating habits. It is very hard for me to change up my routine with me being a full time mom to three children and I am constantly on the go. I am very well aware of the damage that I am doing to my body. I decided to try to eat healthy and see how long it wa s going to last me. I did a three day analysis before I did this assignment. Here are my results. Day 1 Bottle Water, and grapesBananaPlain PringlesBaked chicken, mashed potatoes, corn, and a slice of cake and grape Kool-aid for dinnerBowl of ice creamSlice of cake Day 2 Flavored Water BottleGrapesCandy Bar, Cheese PringlesPizza for dinner, with a sodaIce creamcandy Day 3 Bowl of cereal, Dunkin Donuts coffeebananaCheese burger and fries, and a apple pie from McDonaldsSour candy, butter finger candy barGyros and cheese fries and a sodacandy As you can see I tried to keep up with a healthy diet but my schedule and me having a sweet tooth it’s not going to always work. I started off every day correct but by the middle of the day I have to have them sweets. I know eating bad is not good for my health. It also makes my body vulnerable for many diseases such as obesity, and diabetes. On an average day, I will cook a healthy meal for my children, but not always. When I do cook a meal, I will most of the time cook a meat, starch, and have a choice of two vegetables. Sometimes, I cannot always do that though because of my work schedule, household duties, and schoolwork that I have to keep up with everyday. I think that after completing the first exercise I learned how to mix it up. I try to mix up my eating, so if I cook or eat something that is not good for me, I will follow up with something that I know is. For example if I eat pancakes with maple syrup in the morning for breakfast, I will also eat a bowl of fruit to balance out my eating. If I eat some cake or snacks before eating dinner I learned to also have some healthy vegetables or what I am trying now a salad in between there to help balance it out. Eating healthy is something hard to try especially after a person has been one way their entire life. Change cannot happen overnight, but I learned my problem and I am working on it. I still have many problems in my eating habits that are not healthy but I made that will help me balance it out. I try to choose wisely from the main food groups, but eating on the go most of your day will not always allow for me to do that. I think the most important part of this assignment was to learn my bad problems, and I have. It might take a little bit of time to change my whole eating pattern but I know it can be fixed.

Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished - 1137 Words

The case for capital punishment Topic: why capital punishment should continue General purpose: To argue Specific purpose: my main aim is to convince the audience that capital punishment should be upheld. In other, the advantages of capital punishment outweigh its disadvantages. Introduction Capital punishment is also known as death penalty and it has been in existence since time immemorial. Throughout history, the death penalty has been used to punish a number of crimes that include murder and other premeditated crimes. However, there has been growing campaigns calling for the abolishment of capital punishment. Many of these campaigns have been spearheaded by religious groups and other interested parties. As a Christian, I am of the opinion that such arguments have no biblical bases because the bible advocates for the application of the death penalty for certain crimes like witchcraft, murder and kidnapping. Whenever the word capital punishment is mentioned, it raises a lot of heat from all the sides of extremist. One side argues that capital punishment should be abolished because it may result in the execution of an innocent person while the other side arguers that capital punishment deters crime. As noted earlier, the death penalty is one of the most discussed topics in the criminal justice system. The death penalty used to be legal in the united states until 1972 when the supreme court in Furman v. Georgia ruled it unconstitutional arguing that it violatedShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished965 Words   |  4 PagesHaesemeyer Advanced Studies English 9 7 April 2017 Capital Punishment Over the centuries, capital punishment has fallen in and out of public support. In several countries, the practice has been overruled by law. In others, it is simply not exercised. More than half of U.S. states still practice capital punishment for capital crimes. Often, innocent people are sentenced to death because of circumstantial evidence. Capital punishment should be abolished in all fifty U.S. states because of the severalRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished1541 Words   |  7 Pagestime, if a person committed a severe crime, like murder or rape, they were executed to maintain peace in the community and to bring comfort to those who knew the victim. Capital punishment has been used in almost every part of the world, but in the last few decades many countries have abolished it. The issue of capital punishment has been a sensitive topic for nations attempting a careful balancing act between prisoner’s rights and legal defense teams and society’s la ws on cases of extreme gravityRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished901 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment (â€Å"Capital Punishment in the United States†). Capital punishment is being debated all over the world whether it is murder or justice for the crime they have committed. Statistics show that murderers often kill again after releasement from prison. The Bureau of Justice gives relevant statistics pertaining to murderers who were released from prison: in 1994 40.7% of murderers were arrested for a new crime within three years of release (United States Department of Justice). Capital punishment shouldRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1115 Words   |  5 Pagesjail time, house arrest, and/or having to pay fines. Crimes that are severe can lead to greater punishment, like spending life in prison. The most severe crimes can lead one to an equally severe punishment known as capital punishment. Capital punishment is the authorization to kill someone fo r the crime he or she has committed. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the death penalty, should be abolished in all states because it can put innocent lives at risk, it costs millions of dollars each yearRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished750 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment Should Not be Abolished There are many reasons why the United States of America keeps capital punishment. These reasons include the deterrence theory, the idea of retribution, cost of prisons, and general safety of the public. First of all, I’m sure that you have heard of the deterrence theory. Deterrence is basically the fear of punishment; and even though it doesn’t prevent all crimes, the results are still undeniable. The deterrence theory is when criminals thinkRead MoreCapital Punishment Should be Abolished883 Words   |  4 Pages Capital punishment is the punishment of death for a crime given by the state. It is used for a variety of crimes such as murder, drug trafficking and treason. Many countries also have the death penalty for sexual crimes such as rape, incest and adultery. The lethal injection, the electric chair, hanging and stoning are all methods of execution used throughout the world. Capital punishment has been around since ancient times; it was used in ancient Rome, and one of the most famous people to be crucifiedRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1955 Words   |  8 Pagesit has become apparent that capital punishment should be abolished worldwide. Around t he world, various countries continue to practice this brash, inhumane punishment. The legal system is intended to regulate citizen’s behaviour which aims to provide a smooth functioning society. When someone is sentenced to death, the legal system loses the â€Å"fair† aspect of the proceedings, as under no circumstances is the death penalty â€Å"fair†. Capital punishment should be abolished because it violates Section 12Read MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1135 Words   |  5 Pagesname -unknown. Nobody should ever have to hear these words. Especially coming from their own state the one that is supposed to protect their rights no matter what. Capital punishment should be abolished from the United States. The number one goal of the constitution is to protect the life of an individual and the death penalty passes by this. The death penalty is an easy way out of the crime, it is expensive, philosophers and even psychologists disagree with capital puni shment and most important itRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesApproaching the topic of capital punishment is difficult when looking at society as a whole. In the opinion stated by my class group, capital punishment should be entirely abolished due to the possibility of mistakes while sentencing. This idea relies on the basis that capital punishment has absolutely no purpose or benefit. Members of my group mistakenly used a utilitarianist point of view to argue their case, even though this view can be stretched to fit almost any argument. This paper will exploreRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1439 Words   |  6 Pagesto outlaw capital punishment in America completely. We are meant to be better and bigger than this then why do w still have this barbaric law in practice it is inhumane, morally wrong and expensive. In my paper I will try to cover the taboo topic of capital punishment and why it should be abolished because if we as a society want to grow and advance in a sophisticated society we must abolish the death penalty all across the land. To begin with I must explain what capital punishment really is and